Thursday, November 24, 2022

Thanksgiving Day, 1864

 




Thanksgiving Day, 1864


By the President of the United States of America

A Proclamation

It has pleased Almighty God to prolong our national life another year, defending us with His guardian care against unfriendly designs from abroad and vouchsafing to us in His mercy many and signal victories over the enemy, who is of our own household. It has also pleased our Heavenly Father to favor as well our citizens in their homes as our soldiers in their camps and our sailors on the rivers and seas with unusual health. He has largely augmented our free population by emancipation and by immigration, while He has opened to us new sources of wealth and has crowned the labor of our workingmen in every department of industry with abundant rewards. Moreover, He has been pleased to animate and inspire our minds and hearts with fortitude, courage, and resolution sufficient for the great trial of civil war into which we have been brought by our adherence as a nation to the cause of freedom and humanity, and to afford to us reasonable hopes of an ultimate and happy deliverance from all our dangers and afflictions:

Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, do hereby appoint and set apart the last Thursday in November next as a day which I desire to be observed by all my fellow-citizens, wherever they may then be, as a day of thanksgiving and praise to Almighty God, the beneficent Creator and Ruler of the Universe. And I do further recommend to my fellow-citizens aforesaid that on that occasion they do reverently humble themselves in the dust and from thence offer up penitent and fervent prayers and supplications to the Great Disposer of Events for a return of the inestimable blessings of peace, union, and harmony throughout the land which it has pleased Him to assign as a dwelling place for ourselves and for our posterity throughout all generations.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington, this 20th day of October, A.D. 1864, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-ninth.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

By the President:

WILLIAM H. SEWARD,

Secretary of State .

Abraham Lincoln, Proclamation 118—Thanksgiving Day, 1864 Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/202432

Monday, November 07, 2022

voting is one crap I do not care to give

A few years back — long past the time anything could be done about that year's elections — someone I prize a great deal wisecracked, "I don’t vote, so I don't give a crap."

Without much thought, but I hope not too ungenerously, I cracked back: "Should that be, 'I don't give a crap, so I don’t vote?'"

I get it that some people don't believe their vote can make a difference in the kind of world (or neighborhoods) where we live, raise children, and hope for the best. But I'm still surprised when someone young, or a parent, or a would-be parent, or a teacher, or a youth worker, or anyone else who cares about the young, don't force their way to the front of the voting line — just in case it should turn out they're wrong about voting ... just in case it should turn out their vote is the one that tips an important race one way or the other.

Is it too late to vote today?

Thursday, November 03, 2022

Closing Arguments For + Against Democracy in America


The closing argument in political campaigns used to go something like, “Elect me and I will work every day to deserve your vote.”


Of course, that’s still the political argument of candidates who are committed to a democracy of the people, by the people, and for the people — core principles of the old Republican Party when it was founded in the 1850s.


But, this year, a candidate in Wisconsin told supporters that "Republicans will never lose another election in Wisconsin after I'm elected governor." Is there a way to keep that promise without overriding democratic processes for voter registration, casting votes, accurately counting votes, and legally certifying the outcome to the vote? Or was he just bullshitting?


He’s not the only one. Following in the footsteps of a former President of the United States who, before the votes were cast and counted, contested the results in the election, six Republican candidates for governor or the US Senate in battleground states would not commit to abiding by next week’s election results … five more ignored or declined to answer the question.


When people show you who they are, believe them, Maya Angelou advised.


I can think of fewer than five Republicans in, or running for the next US Senate — and no Republicans in or running for the next US House of Representatives — who haven’t already shown us that they are unwilling or unable to mount a robust defense of democracy against the prevailing power of the new Republican Party — the MAGA Republicans who look an awful lot like the old Democratic Party when it tried to unravel the Declaration of independence and the Constitution in the 19th century.


Since then, the parties have traded places and they have shown us who they are. The values that drove the old Democratic Party are the values that drive the new Republican Party: government of the few, by the few, and for the few.


Today, Democrats mean to deepen and broaden conscientious liberty and equal protection of the law for every citizen. That’s governance in the service of equality. 


Republicans, based on legislative action the last two years mean to decrease liberty and impose or reimpose restrictions on the protection of citizens whom they do not regard as equal. That’s governance in the service of hierarchy.


The US Constitution and Declaration of Independence leave no doubt about the American preference for a genuinely representative democracy over any sort of autocratic monarchy or oligarchy. 


In this political moment, Republicans have shown us that they cannot be trusted to serve the ends of American democracy and I am persuaded that a red vote in 2022 is a vote against America’s core values.


https://pbswisconsin.org/news-item/the-2020-and-2024-presidential-votes-loom-large-in-wisconsins-2022-election-for-governor/


https://electionlawblog.org/?p=131983


https://www.oprah.com/oprahs-lifeclass/when-people-show-you-who-they-are-believe-them-video

Monday, October 31, 2022

What is *The Point* of American Democracy?


A few weeks ago — when Donald Trump said that, should he be indicted for mishandling classified documents, there would be big problems ... that he doesn’t think Americans would stand for it — I said that, indeed, I *would* stand for it. I’m persuaded that, if evidence supports an indictment, Americans will not only stand for it but will *insist* on him having his day in court, like any American.

A friend responded saying that he felt “more concerned about how the current administration is dismantling and destroying this country on their own, and throwing ‘trumpian danger’ out there to distract people from it.” … a concern I told him I think is counterfactual. “I think President Biden is doing extraordinary work in extraordinary circumstances." I said, and "I’ll be happy to enumerate my reasons for that if you wish.” My friend said be his guest and then life happened for a while, as it does: deadlines … Covid … rebound Covid … catching up from Covid … business travel … and blah, blah, blah.… Now, finally, I’m ready to enumerate some of the reasons I think President Biden is doing good work. Whether it will satisfy my friend, I don’t know, but here it is….

My first reason for supporting Joe Biden is simply that I agree with his governing philosophy. He believes, and in this he concurs with the founders and framers, that there is *a point* to democratic governance. 

That point, I think, is outlined in the 1776 Declaration of Independence ... explained in quite a bit of detail in the 1789 Constitution, which replaced the 1781 Articles of Confederation ... and refined in the 27 Amendments to the Constitution that began with a flurry of 10 Amendments in 1791.

Something all these legal concords have in common is a good faith attempt that splits the difference between anarchy and monarchy or oligarchy. 

Democracy prevents everyone from doing whatever the hell they want to whomever they want (if they can get away with it). And democracy keeps one person or family or cabal or faction from doing whatever they want to whomever they want (if they can get away with it).

Democracy says to monarchs mobs and mafias: You *can’t* get away with it. We declare ourselves mutually bound to ensure for each other a set of permanent rights that include the pursuit of life, liberty, and freedom from haplessness … and, by mutual consent, we form a new government built on those principles and organized and empowered to pursue safety and happiness for us all.

The Constitution and Amendments amplify and define the Declaration’s requirement that the government establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure liberty from each generation to the next … all in pursuit of a more perfect union.

President Biden’s philosophy of governance is shaped and guided by those principles and practices. So I’m already happier than I would be if he pursued authoritarianism on one hand or laissez-faire leadership on the other — neither of which has a good historical record of securing the blessings of liberty outlined in the paragraphs above.

In no particular order, I see evidence that President Biden:

  • Follows through on commitments to support liberty of conscience and secure equal protection of the law for every American
  • Advocates privacy in medical decisions, most famously in women's health care
  • Supports and works at generating cultural, educational, and economic opportunity for every American
  • Promotes individual, collective, and corporate responsibility under law
  • Prefers a politics of invitation, persuasion, inclusion and sharing credit
  • Generally resists the temptation to claim that opponents can't have good ideas
  • Is more inclined to compare apples to apples — where differences exist — rather than comparing apples to oranges
  • Frames economic wellbeing starting with people who work for wages … recognizing the thread that connects 1) job growth and increased wages for working people with, 2) the sustainable growth of corporations and capital with, 3) sales and property taxes that support local and state government-based services like education, healthcare, law enforcement and judicial services, infrastructure development and maintenance with, 4) federal taxes that support activities that must scale nationally in order to succeed: regional, interstate, and national infrastructure and resource management, interstate commerce, banking and contract law, postal services, law enforcement and judicial services, safe food, water and air standards and practices, healthcare standards and practices, worker safety standards and practices, international treaties, and national intelligence and defense. 

The Biden Administration is less than two years in office. So, lots more time to promote liberty, justice, and the general health, happiness, and fortunes of Americans. Meanwhile, in no particular order, here are a few early policies and laws that give me concrete reasons to back President Biden…

  • Expanding the pool of Americans who can access high quality, reasonably priced healthcare services, and driving the law that enables bulk purchasing of pharmaceuticals to control costs and cap the price of life-saving drugs to some of America’s most vulnerable citizens
  • The overall proactive and sustained response to COVID-19, starting with effective vaccine distribution and continuing by collaborating with the legislative branch on devising and funding a remarkable economic recovery via the American Rescue Plan
  • The landmark reduction in child poverty accomplished through the American Rescue Plan … and calls on Congress to renew funding to make elevating early childhood development a sustainable national priority
  • The Executive Order on Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices on May 05, 2022
  • Action on national and global tax policy and enforcement to close loopholes for wealthy corporate and individual free riders, and beginning the 10-year project of properly restaffing the IRS to provide necessary services
  • Promoting and signing into law the first meaningful, common sense gun safety measures since the 90s
  • Promoting and signing into law the first meaningful, common sense environmental protection measures since the 70s
  • Ending and reversing federal sentences on marijuana convictions for simple possession and encouraging US states to follow suit
  • Reestablishing clear and consistent diplomatic links with both allies and adversaries for a rules-based international order 
  • Redefining international conflict and coalition-building by leading the international response to Russian aggression against Ukraine [See, for example, David Rothkopf on the work accomplished *before* the Russian invasion of Ukraine that set the stage for the international direct actions to frustrate Vladimir Putin’s aggression without going to war against Russia: https://www.thedailybeast.com/secretary-of-state-antony-blinken-on-russia-ukraine-and-natos-rebirth?ref=scroll]
  • A clear call to preserve and extend democracy, liberty, and equal protection under law at a global scale
  • Restoring professional competence and accountability standards in cabinet-level departments across the government — especially, in my view, Justice and State
  • Declining to claim ongoing, blanket executive privilege for former presidents 
  • Staying out of the work of the January 6 Congressional Committee and the Department of Justice
  • Reemphasizing and taking action to revitalize the quality of US jobs across the real economy, and especially in research & development, high tech, chip manufacturing, energy, automotive, and durable goods manufacturing jobs geared for the future
  • Working to reduce the trade deficit (beyond the baked-in reductions that occurred as Covid supports wound down for businesses and citizens)
  • Believing and then proving that the federal government can work for the benefit of the American people

Circling back to the beginning, I suppose my answer could have begun with then *President-Elect* Biden’s remarks, on January 6, 2021, responding to the assault on the US Capitol. What Joe Biden said that afternoon — a few hours before the vote count of his election to the presidency was belatedly confirmed by the US Congress in joint session — strikes me as the right words, spoken in the right tone, at a time when it looked as if the sitting president might not say anything at all. In my opinion, Mr. Trump’s statement, released a little later that afternoon via Twitter, did not rise to the same heights. Here’s a link to Joe Biden’s message that day: https://www.c-span.org/video/?507742-1/president-elect-biden-at-hour-democracy-unprecedented-assault

What we’ve learned since January 6, 2021 — through sworn testimony, mostly by Republicans, before the Congressional Committee investigating the events on and leading up to January 6, and through court findings of fact regarding the likely commission of crimes to illegally obstruct official government proceedings and conspiracy to defraud the United States — amplifies those differences. See, for example, https://january6th.house.gov/news/watch-live and https://www.cacd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Dkt.%20372%2C%20Order%20Re%20Privilege%20of%20Remaining%20Documents.pdf

Do I think Joe Biden’s first 20 months in office were perfect? Of course not. 

Do I agree that the facts support my friend’s concern that, "the current administration is dismantling and destroying this country on their own, and throwing ‘trumpian danger’ out there to distract people from it”? On the facts, I do not.

This is a big deal to me in the midterm elections next week. 

The governing philosophy that underlies the Biden Administration promotes *equality.* On the other side, since MAGA Republicans’ control of the party is so overwhelming at present, no convincing resistance can be made from within the party to stop them doing whatever they want to whomever they want (if Democrats and Independents don’t stop them). In that light, I don’t think it’s too much to say that, practically speaking, a vote for a Republican in 2022 is a vote for hierarchy over equality. Just the sort of thing the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution were meant to end.

To be fair, there was time when the governing philosophy and practices of Democrats and Republicans were reversed — in the lead-up to the American Civil War, Republicans promoted  equality and Democrats defended hierarchy. Not anymore.

The Boston College political historian, Heather Cox Richardson, helpfully notes that, "In reality, the parties have switched sides since the 1850s." Don’t be misguided by people trying to muddy the water. She continues: "Rather than focusing on party names, it makes more sense to follow two opposed strands of thought, equality and hierarchy, as the constants." See https://heathercoxrichardson.substack.com/p/october-29-2022

On balance, I’m persuaded that Joe Biden’s philosophy of governing based on equality is quintessentially American, and that philosophies of governing based on hierarchy are not … they are foreign to the spirit of the US Constitution and Declaration of Independence. 

For the future, I like our chances with Democrats’ governing philosophy of equality way better than the governance by hierarchy philosophy on the other side.

Thursday, October 06, 2022

Today is nearly done . Vote for the Future


[Updated for 2024]

I’ve mostly stopped telling people what to believe and how to behave … about politics, religion … most everything. That doesn’t mean I don’t have pretty clear ideas about what *I* believe and how *I* behave in matters that matter to me. And I think a lot of those things matter to just about all of us, because we're neighbors.

So — acknowledging to the best of my ability the unearned privileges I wake up with every day just because I'm an old, straight, white guy — here's a partial list of things I think matter acutely in the next month … human blessings and liberties I'm convinced the prevailing wing of the Republican Party intends to put an end to starting in 2023, unless we stop them at the ballot box in November 2022 ... and keep stopping them until they regain their senses.

Note: When I say, "I'm convinced Republicans intend this or that", I mean that — regardless of what individual Republicans say they believe or how they behave in private — no coalition of Republican Members of Congress today will [can be counted on to] stop the ones who mean to deprive Americans of these liberties.

  • I'm convinced Republicans intend to remove from your LGBT+ friends and family the equal protection provided by law for married people in the US. If you don’t think you know how important those protections are, google "spousal rights".
  • I'm convinced Republicans intend to criminalize certain sexual behavior between consenting adults in their private lives. If you don't think you know what that sort of criminalization means, ask an old gay couple. 
  • If they thought they could get away with it, I'm convinced Republicans would manufacture a way to end marriage for mixed race couples … again — I mean that, regardless of what a Republican says they believe in private or how they behave individually, no coalition of Republican Members of Congress today will stop the ones who mean to carry this out if they can find a way. [I’m less concerned about this in 2024 … not saying some wouldn’t seek to restrict mixed race marriages if they could find a way, but I *think* that impulse has lost momentum.]
  • If you’re a woman, or partnered with a woman, I'm convinced that Republicans intend to control your reproductive healthcare choices no matter what *you* say and no matter what *your doctor and other healthcare professionals* say. I think Republicans intend to remove informed consent in women's health care so you, your sisters, daughters, grand-daughters, aunties, cousins and friends will have no say in your own reproductive health care. [Well…we know how that is playing out.]
  • If you’re a woman or girl, I'm [still] convinced that Republicans intend to control your right to travel between states and outside the US in order to keep you from accessing reproductive healthcare outside the state where you live. One more time: No coalition of Republican Members of Congress today will stop the ones who are looking for a pretense to deprive you of the liberty to travel freely. [But states can, and have, and a new Congress could put it to bed, maybe permanently.]
  • I'm convinced Republicans intend to roll back access to high quality, affordable healthcare in general — to the point that the worst off citizens in the US are made relentlessly sicker and poorer by high-cost, low quality healthcare where they live.
  • I'm convinced that Republicans intend to revise voting districts and extend extraordinary executive powers to partisan elected officials and appointees until they can consistently override the will of voters — so they can override *your* vote, perhaps — in order to assure the election of Republicans and the passing of Republican-backed initiatives and referenda, no matter what.

I'm convinced of all this because Republicans have said they want all this … that they're working on all this … that they will do all this if we don't stop them.

In more normal times, I’ve voted *for* one candidate more often than I voted *against* another. These are not normal times.

Right now, about [180] 300 Republican nominees for national office [US Congress — and the Republican nominees for president and vice president] and [candidates in 14] key statewide offices are election deniers — meaning they deny or refuse to accept the election of President Joe Biden. None of them, as far as I know, deny or refuse to accept that they and other Republicans were duly elected on the same ballot as Joe Biden … it’s just him, so far. 

If they’re elected, I don’t think it’s a stretch to imagine that none of these 300 Republican candidates will suddenly decide to resist those in their party who intend to deprive you and your friends and family from the blessings and liberties outlined above (and more that I haven’t included here). 

So, let’s elect candidates who won’t deliberately harm people we love or respect (or both). 

If you’d like to know which of those 300 candidates are running for office in your state, see https://electiondeniers.org/I’ve made this Washington Post analysis shareable: https://wapo.st/3eaEJE6

Consider voting for the Blue candidates who are running against those Republicans … not because you agree at every point, but because you agree on this very important point: We won't stand by (like pretty much every [a majority of] Republicans in Congress) while the prevailing flank of the Republican Party intentionally harms our friends, family members, and fellow citizens, and so hacks away at the roots of democracy. 

I think this is just common sense, because there are more of *us* than there are of *them*.

On balance, there are more Democrats than Republicans ... there are more women than men ... there are more young Americans than old ones — who are more likely to have genuine friendships and a lifelong stake in the well-being and human liberties of friends and family members who Republicans are dead set on harming unless we stop them.

If we vote Blue in November, then do it again in 2024, and every two years for the rest of our lives ... If young voters take over the Democratic Party and make it better — more just ... more inclusive ... more equitable ... more humane ... more of everything they care about — we will elect visionary leaders who will coalesce around, not so much making America *great* as making America genuinely *good* [h/t Pepper Henderson].

What else is there but to register and vote as if voting Blue really matters [right now] in 2022 — because it really does.


Monday, September 05, 2022

Lincoln in Wisconsin | "capital is the fruit of labor"

Abraham Lincoln gave a great speech to farmers at the Wisconsin State Agricultural Fair on September 30, 1859 — 25 years before the first national Labor Day celebration in the US.

Lincoln’s address builds beat after beat to make a big point about the nobility of work and the value of workers. 

Here then, a substantial excerpt drawn from pages 499-502 in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings. Roy P. Basler - editor, World Publishing, Cleveland, OH, 1946. A new edition, apparently printed from the same plates, is available from Amazon.

Mr. Lincoln's reference to the "mud-sill theory" represents a challenge to his contemporary, South Carolina's James Henry Hammond, and the notion that progress demands a lower class of workers — the mudsill on which the foundation is laid — to support the advancement of people in the upper class. 
Mr. Lincoln jokes:
According to that theory, the educating of laborers is not only useless, but pernicious and dangerous. In fact, it is, in some sort, deemed a misfortune that laborers should have heads at all. Those same heads are regarded as explosive materials, only to be safely kept in damp places, as far as possible from that peculiar sort of fire which ignites them. A Yankee who could invent a strong-handed man, without a head, would secure the everlasting gratitude of the "mud-sill" advocates. 
The world is agreed that labor is the source from which human wants are mainly supplied. There is no dispute upon this point. From this point, however, men immediately diverge. Much disputation is maintained as to the best way of applying and controlling the labor element. By some it is assumed that labor is available only in connection with capital -- that nobody labors, unless somebody else, owning capital, somehow, by the use of that capital, induces him to do it. Having assumed this, they proceed to consider whether it is best that capital shall hire laborers, and thus induce them to work by their own consent; or buy them, and drive them to it without their consent. Having proceeded so far, they naturally conclude that all laborers are necessarily either hired laborers or slaves. They further assume that whoever is once a hired laborer, is fatally fixed in that condition for life; and thence, again, that his condition is as bad as, or worse than, that of a slave. This is the "mud-sill" theory.

The excerpt from Mr. Lincoln's speech continues after the jump...

Wednesday, May 25, 2022

Trigger Warning

Trigger Warning. This post is crude and insensitive. And satirical, mostly.

Senate Cloakroom . Night 

Hey, I want to float something while we’re waiting. I’m not announcing; I’m just sorta thinking out loud.

What if we had a National Day of Thoughts and Prayers for Americans who get killed with guns … hear me out … we take a day off work … people barbecue or go shopping … maybe mount a parade with school children marching alongside black and brown people who push shopping carts; there’s floats with Jewish, Muslim, and Sikh Americans worshiping; a float with young folks dancing and then running in circles and falling down; maybe one with nine black people sitting in a prayer circle with a young White gentleman who rises every half block or so and shoots them all. Again, this is just a sampling … there are plenty of options, like movie theaters, white churchgoers sitting in pews, Members of Congress playing baseball … the list goes on … you get the idea.

I know this could take a while to catch on, but if we focused all our thoughts and prayers onto one national holiday, maybe we could stop having our daily routines interrupted without warning, and quit having to put on our sad face and pretend all this is a fuck we care to give.

Think about it. We don’t have to decide today. Let me know if you want to cosponsor.

You wanna be great? Get your house in order.

In my very first blog post, September 10, 2004, I wrote about why I opposed the re-election of George W. Bush and Dick Cheney. From one paragraph of note on this morning after the assault weapon slaughter of children and teachers in a small town Texas school on May 24, 2022:

They have de-clawed law enforcement. […] The Federal Assault Weapons Ban will expire next Monday after proving its worth over ten years. Mr. Bush has shown zero leadership in calling for the extension of the ban on weapons needed by no one except soldiers. On Tuesday the National Rifle Association will endorse Bush/Cheney 04. I will hold Mr. Bush responsible for every assault-weapon death from Tuesday on. 

Today, a minority in the US Senate refuse to allow a vote on common sense public safety measures that will, when they are finally passed by legislators of a more refined conscience, make gun violence harder. I hold those senators responsible for this slaughter of innocents too … and the red electors who give them power to sit on their hands while American terrorists massacre vulnerable Americans … along with Mr. Bush, who didn’t bother to lead on this in 2004.

You wanna be great? Get your house in order.

Wednesday, March 02, 2022

Read It Yourself . 2022 State of the Union Address

 

Remarks of President Joe Biden – State of the Union Address As Prepared for Delivery

The United States Capitol

THE PRESIDENT: Madam Speaker, Madam Vice President, our First Lady and Second Gentleman. Members of Congress and the Cabinet. Justices of the Supreme Court. My fellow Americans.  

Last year COVID-19 kept us apart. This year we are finally together again. 

Tonight, we meet as Democrats Republicans and Independents. But most importantly as Americans. 

With a duty to one another to the American people to the Constitution. 

And with an unwavering resolve that freedom will always triumph over tyranny. 

Six days ago, Russia’s Vladimir Putin sought to shake the foundations of the free world thinking he could make it bend to his menacing ways. But he badly miscalculated. 

He thought he could roll into Ukraine and the world would roll over. Instead he met a wall of strength he never imagined. 

He met the Ukrainian people. 

From President Zelenskyy to every Ukrainian, their fearlessness, their courage, their determination, inspires the world. 

Groups of citizens blocking tanks with their bodies. Everyone from students to retirees teachers turned soldiers defending their homeland. 

In this struggle as President Zelenskyy said in his speech to the European Parliament “Light will win over darkness.” The Ukrainian Ambassador to the United States is here tonight. 

Let each of us here tonight in this Chamber send an unmistakable signal to Ukraine and to the world. 

Please rise if you are able and show that, Yes, we the United States of America stand with the Ukrainian people. 

Throughout our history we’ve learned this lesson when dictators do not pay a price for their aggression they cause more chaos.   

They keep moving.   

And the costs and the threats to America and the world keep rising.   

That’s why the NATO Alliance was created to secure peace and stability in Europe after World War 2. 

The United States is a member along with 29 other nations. 

It matters. American diplomacy matters. American resolve matters. 

Putin’s latest attack on Ukraine was premeditated and unprovoked. 

He rejected repeated efforts at diplomacy. 

He thought the West and NATO wouldn’t respond. 

And he thought he could divide us at home. Putin was wrong. We were ready.  Here is what we did.   

We prepared extensively and carefully. 

We spent months building a coalition of other freedom-loving nations from Europe and the Americas to Asia and Africa to confront Putin. 

I spent countless hours unifying our European allies. We shared with the world in advance what we knew Putin was planning and precisely how he would try to falsely justify his aggression.  

We countered Russia’s lies with truth.   

And now that he has acted the free world is holding him accountable. 

Along with twenty-seven members of the European Union including France, Germany, Italy, as well as countries like  the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and many others, even Switzerland. 

We are inflicting pain on Russia and supporting the people of Ukraine. Putin is now isolated from the world more than ever. 

Together with our allies –we are right now enforcing powerful economic sanctions. 

We are cutting off Russia’s largest banks from the international financial system.  

Preventing Russia’s central bank from defending the Russian Ruble making Putin’s $630 Billion “war fund” worthless.   

We are choking off Russia’s access to technology that will sap its economic strength and weaken its military for years to come.  

Tonight I say to the Russian oligarchs and corrupt leaders who have bilked billions of dollars off this violent regime no more. 

The U.S. Department of Justice is assembling a dedicated task force to go after the crimes of Russian oligarchs.  

We are joining with our European allies to find and seize your yachts your luxury apartments your private jets. We are coming for your ill-begotten gains. 

And tonight I am announcing that we will join our allies in closing off American air space to all Russian flights – further isolating Russia – and adding an additional squeeze –on their economy. The Ruble has lost 30% of its value. 

The Russian stock market has lost 40% of its value and trading remains suspended. Russia’s economy is reeling and Putin alone is to blame. 

Together with our allies we are providing support to the Ukrainians in their fight for freedom. Military assistance. Economic assistance. Humanitarian assistance. 

We are giving more than $1 Billion in direct assistance to Ukraine. 

And we will continue to aid the Ukrainian people as they defend their country and to help ease their suffering.  

Let me be clear, our forces are not engaged and will not engage in conflict with Russian forces in Ukraine.  

Our forces are not going to Europe to fight in Ukraine, but to defend our NATO Allies – in the event that Putin decides to keep moving west.  

For that purpose we’ve mobilized American ground forces, air squadrons, and ship deployments to protect NATO countries including Poland, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. 

As I have made crystal clear the United States and our Allies will defend every inch of territory of NATO countries with the full force of our collective power.  

And we remain clear-eyed. The Ukrainians are fighting back with pure courage. But the next few days weeks, months, will be hard on them.  

Putin has unleashed violence and chaos.  But while he may make gains on the battlefield – he will pay a continuing high price over the long run. 

And a proud Ukrainian people, who have known 30 years  of independence, have repeatedly shown that they will not tolerate anyone who tries to take their country backwards.  

To all Americans, I will be honest with you, as I’ve always promised. A Russian dictator, invading a foreign country, has costs around the world. 

And I’m taking robust action to make sure the pain of our sanctions  is targeted at Russia’s economy. And I will use every tool at our disposal to protect American businesses and consumers. 

Tonight, I can announce that the United States has worked with 30 other countries to release 60 Million barrels of oil from reserves around the world.  

America will lead that effort, releasing 30 Million barrels from our own Strategic Petroleum Reserve.  And we stand ready to do more if necessary, unified with our allies.  

These steps will help blunt gas prices here at home. And I know the news about what’s happening can seem alarming. 

But I want you to know that we are going to be okay. 

When the history of this era is written Putin’s war on Ukraine will have left Russia weaker and the rest of the world stronger. 

While it shouldn’t have taken something so terrible for people around the world to see what’s at stake now everyone sees it clearly. 

We see the unity among leaders of nations and a more unified Europe a more unified West. And we see unity among the people who are gathering in cities in large crowds around the world even in Russia to demonstrate their support for Ukraine.  

In the battle between democracy and autocracy, democracies are rising to the moment, and the world is clearly choosing the side of peace and security. 

This is a real test. It’s going to take time. So let us continue to draw inspiration from the iron will of the Ukrainian people. 

To our fellow Ukrainian Americans who forge a deep bond that connects our two nations we stand with you. 

Putin may circle Kyiv with tanks, but he will never gain the hearts and souls of the Ukrainian people. 

He will never extinguish their love of freedom. He will never weaken the resolve of the free world. 

We meet tonight in an America that has lived through two of the hardest years this nation has ever faced. 

The pandemic has been punishing. 

And so many families are living paycheck to paycheck, struggling to keep up with the rising cost of food, gas, housing, and so much more. 

I understand. 

I remember when my Dad had to leave our home in Scranton, Pennsylvania to find work. 

I grew up in a family where if the price of food went up, you felt it. 

That’s why one of the first things I did as President was fight to pass the American Rescue Plan.  

Because people were hurting. We needed to act, and we did. 

Few pieces of legislation have done more in a critical moment in our history to lift us out of crisis. 

It fueled our efforts to vaccinate the nation and combat COVID-19. It delivered immediate economic relief for tens of millions of Americans.  

Helped put food on their table, keep a roof over their heads, and cut the cost of health insurance. 

And as my Dad used to say, it gave people a little breathing room. 

And unlike the $2 Trillion tax cut passed in the previous administration that benefitted the top 1% of Americans, the American Rescue Plan helped working people—and left no one behind. 

And it worked. It created jobs. Lots of jobs. 

In fact—our economy created over 6.5 Million new jobs just last year, more jobs created in one year  

than ever before in the history of America. 

Our economy grew at a rate of 5.7% last year, the strongest growth in nearly 40 years, the first step in bringing fundamental change to an economy that hasn’t worked for the working people of this nation for too long.  

For the past 40 years we were told that if we gave tax breaks to those at the very top, the benefits would trickle down to everyone else. 

But that trickle-down theory led to weaker economic growth, lower wages, bigger deficits, and the widest gap between those at the top and everyone else in nearly a century. 

Vice President Harris and I ran for office with a new economic vision for America. 

Invest in America. Educate Americans. Grow the workforce. Build the economy from the bottom up  

and the middle out, not from the top down.  

Because we know that when the middle class grows, the poor have a ladder up and the wealthy do very well. 

America used to have the best roads, bridges, and airports on Earth. 

Now our infrastructure is ranked 13th in the world. 

We won’t be able to compete for the jobs of the 21st Century if we don’t fix that. 

That’s why it was so important to pass the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law—the most sweeping investment to rebuild America in history. 

This was a bipartisan effort, and I want to thank  

the members of both parties who worked to make it happen. 

We’re done talking about infrastructure weeks. 

We’re going to have an infrastructure decade. 

It is going to transform America and put us on a path to win the economic competition of the 21st Century  

that we face with the rest of the world—particularly with China.  

As I’ve told Xi Jinping, it is never a good bet to bet against the American people. 

We’ll create good jobs for millions of Americans, modernizing roads, airports, ports, and waterways all across America. 

And we’ll do it all to withstand the devastating effects of the climate crisis and promote environmental justice. 

We’ll build a national network of 500,000 electric vehicle charging stations, begin to replace poisonous lead pipes—so every child—and every American—has clean water to drink at home and at school, provide affordable high-speed internet for every American—urban, suburban, rural, and tribal communities. 

4,000 projects have already been announced. 

And tonight, I’m announcing that this year we will start fixing over 65,000 miles of highway and 1,500 bridges in disrepair. 

When we use taxpayer dollars to rebuild America – we are going to Buy American: buy American products to support American jobs. 

The federal government spends about $600 Billion a year to keep the country safe and secure. 

There’s been a law on the books for almost a century 

to make sure taxpayers’ dollars support American jobs and businesses. 

Every Administration says they’ll do it, but we are actually doing it. 

We will buy American to make sure everything from  

the deck of an aircraft carrier to the steel on highway guardrails are made in America. 

But to compete for the best jobs of the future, we also need to level the playing field with China and other competitors. 

That’s why it is so important to pass the Bipartisan Innovation Act sitting in Congress that will make record investments in emerging technologies and American manufacturing. 

Let me give you one example of why it’s so important to pass it. 

If you travel 20 miles east of Columbus, Ohio, you’ll find 1,000 empty acres of land. 

It won’t look like much, but if you stop and look closely, you’ll see a “Field of dreams,” the ground on which America’s future will be built. 

This is where Intel, the American company that helped build Silicon Valley, is going to build its $20 billion semiconductor “mega site”. 

Up to eight state-of-the-art factories in one place. 10,000 new good-paying jobs. 

Some of the most sophisticated manufacturing in the world to make computer chips the size of a fingertip that power the world and our everyday lives. 

Smartphones. The Internet. Technology we have yet to invent. 

But that’s just the beginning. 

Intel’s CEO, Pat Gelsinger, who is here tonight, told me they are ready to increase their investment from  

$20 billion to $100 billion. 

That would be one of the biggest investments in manufacturing in American history. 

And all they’re waiting for is for you to pass this bill. 

So let’s not wait any longer. Send it to my desk. I’ll sign it.  

And we will really take off. 

And Intel is not alone. 

There’s something happening in America. 

Just look around and you’ll see an amazing story. 

The rebirth of the pride that comes from stamping products “Made In America.” The revitalization of American manufacturing.   

Companies are choosing to build new factories here, when just a few years ago, they would have built them overseas. 

That’s what is happening. Ford is investing $11 billion to build electric vehicles, creating 11,000 jobs across the country. 

GM is making the largest investment in its history—$7 billion to build electric vehicles, creating 4,000 jobs in Michigan. 

All told, we created 369,000 new manufacturing jobs in America just last year. 

Powered by people I’ve met like JoJo Burgess, from generations of union steelworkers from Pittsburgh, who’s here with us tonight. 

As Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown says, “It’s time to bury the label “Rust Belt.” 

It’s time. 

But with all the bright spots in our economy, record job growth and higher wages, too many families are struggling to keep up with the bills.  

Inflation is robbing them of the gains they might otherwise feel. 

I get it. That’s why my top priority is getting prices under control. 

Look, our economy roared back faster than most predicted, but the pandemic meant that businesses had a hard time hiring enough workers to keep up production in their factories. 

The pandemic also disrupted global supply chains. 

When factories close, it takes longer to make goods  

and get them from the warehouse to the store, and prices go up. 

Look at cars. 

Last year, there weren’t enough semiconductors to make all the cars that people wanted to buy. 

And guess what, prices of automobiles went up. 

So—we have a choice. 

One way to fight inflation is to drive down wages  

and make Americans poorer.  

I have a better plan to fight inflation. 

Lower your costs, not your wages. 

Make more cars and semiconductors in America. 

More infrastructure and innovation in America. 

More goods moving faster and cheaper in America. 

More jobs where you can earn a good living in America. 

And instead of relying on foreign supply chains, let’s make it in America. 

Economists call it “increasing the productive capacity of our economy.” 

I call it building a better America. 

My plan to fight inflation will lower your costs and lower the deficit. 

17 Nobel laureates in economics say my plan will ease long-term inflationary pressures. Top business leaders and most Americans support my plan. And here’s the plan: 

First – cut the cost of prescription drugs. Just look at insulin. One in ten Americans has diabetes. In Virginia, I met a 13-year-old boy named Joshua Davis.  

He and his Dad both have Type 1 diabetes, which means they need insulin every day. Insulin costs about $10 a vial to make.  

But drug companies charge families like Joshua and his Dad up to 30 times more. I spoke with Joshua’s mom. 

Imagine what it’s like to look at your child who needs insulin and have no idea how you’re going to pay for it.  

What it does to your dignity, your ability to look your child in the eye, to be the parent you expect to be. 

Joshua is here with us tonight. Yesterday was his birthday. Happy birthday, buddy.  

For Joshua, and for the 200,000 other young people with Type 1 diabetes, let’s cap the cost of insulin at $35 a month so everyone can afford it.  

Drug companies will still do very well. And while we’re at it let Medicare negotiate lower prices for prescription drugs, like the VA already does. 

Look, the American Rescue Plan is helping millions of families on Affordable Care Act plans save $2,400 a year on their health care premiums. Let’s close the coverage gap and make those savings permanent. 

Second – cut energy costs for families an average of $500 a year by combatting climate change.  

Let’s provide investments and tax credits to weatherize your homes and businesses to be energy efficient and you get a tax credit;  

Double America’s clean energy production in solar, wind, and so much more;  

Lower the price of electric vehicles, saving you another $80 a month because you’ll never have to pay at the gas pump again. 

Third – cut the cost of child care. Many families pay up to $14,000 a year for child care per child.  

Middle-class and working families shouldn’t have to pay more than 7% of their income for care of young children.  

My plan will cut the cost in half for most families and help parents, including millions of women, who left the workforce during the pandemic because they couldn’t afford child care, to be able to get back to work. 

My plan doesn’t stop there. It also includes home and long-term care. More affordable housing. And Pre-K for every 3- and 4-year-old.  

All of these will lower costs. 

And under my plan, nobody earning less than $400,000 a year will pay an additional penny in new taxes. Nobody.  

The one thing all Americans agree on is that the tax system is not fair. We have to fix it.  

I’m not looking to punish anyone. But let’s make sure corporations and the wealthiest Americans start paying their fair share. 

Just last year, 55 Fortune 500 corporations earned $40 billion in profits and paid zero dollars in federal income tax.  

That’s simply not fair. That’s why I’ve proposed a 15% minimum tax rate for corporations. 

We got more than 130 countries to agree on a global minimum tax rate so companies can’t get out of paying their taxes at home by shipping jobs and factories overseas. 

That’s why I’ve proposed closing loopholes so the very wealthy don’t pay a lower tax rate than a teacher or a firefighter.  

So that’s my plan. It will grow the economy and lower costs for families. 

So what are we waiting for? Let’s get this done. And while you’re at it, confirm my nominees to the Federal Reserve, which plays a critical role in fighting inflation.  

My plan will not only lower costs to give families a fair shot, it will lower the deficit. 

The previous Administration not only ballooned the deficit with tax cuts for the very wealthy and corporations, it undermined the watchdogs whose job was to keep pandemic relief funds from being wasted. 

But in my administration, the watchdogs have been welcomed back. 

We’re going after the criminals who stole billions in relief money meant for small businesses and millions of Americans.  

And tonight, I’m announcing that the Justice Department will name a chief prosecutor for pandemic fraud. 

By the end of this year, the deficit will be down to less than half what it was before I took office.  

The only president ever to cut the deficit by more than one trillion dollars in a single year. 

Lowering your costs also means demanding more competition. 

I’m a capitalist, but capitalism without competition  

isn’t capitalism. 

It’s exploitation—and it drives up prices. 

When corporations don’t have to compete, their profits go up, your prices go up, and small businesses and family farmers and ranchers go under. 

We see it happening with ocean carriers moving goods in and out of America. 

During the pandemic, these foreign-owned companies raised prices by as much as 1,000% and made record profits. 

Tonight, I’m announcing a crackdown on these companies overcharging American businesses and consumers. 

And as Wall Street firms take over more nursing homes, quality in those homes has gone down and costs have gone up.  

That ends on my watch. 

Medicare is going to set higher standards for nursing homes and make sure your loved ones get the care they deserve and expect. 

We’ll also cut costs and keep the economy going strong by giving workers a fair shot, provide more training and apprenticeships, hire them based on their skills not degrees. 

Let’s pass the Paycheck Fairness Act and paid leave.  

Raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour and extend the Child Tax Credit, so no one has to raise a family in poverty. 

Let’s increase Pell Grants and increase our historic support of HBCUs, and invest in what Jill—our First Lady who teaches full-time—calls America’s best-kept secret: community colleges. 

And let’s pass the PRO Act when a majority of workers want to form a union—they shouldn’t be stopped.  

When we invest in our workers, when we build the economy from the bottom up and the middle out together, we can do something we haven’t done in a long time: build a better America. 

For more than two years, COVID-19 has impacted every decision in our lives and the life of the nation. 

And I know you’re tired, frustrated, and exhausted. 

But I also know this. 

Because of the progress we’ve made, because of your resilience and the tools we have, tonight I can say  

we are moving forward safely, back to more normal routines.  

We’ve reached a new moment in the fight against COVID-19, with severe cases down to a level not seen since last July.  

Just a few days ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—the CDC—issued new mask guidelines. 

Under these new guidelines, most Americans in most of the country can now be mask free.   

And based on the projections, more of the country will reach that point across the next couple of weeks. 

Thanks to the progress we have made this past year, COVID-19 need no longer control our lives.  

I know some are talking about “living with COVID-19”. Tonight – I say that we will never just accept living with COVID-19. 

We will continue to combat the virus as we do other diseases. And because this is a virus that mutates and spreads, we will stay on guard. 

Here are four common sense steps as we move forward safely.  

First, stay protected with vaccines and treatments. We know how incredibly effective vaccines are. If you’re vaccinated and boosted you have the highest degree of protection. 

We will never give up on vaccinating more Americans. Now, I know parents with kids under 5 are eager to see a vaccine authorized for their children. 

The scientists are working hard to get that done and we’ll be ready with plenty of vaccines when they do. 

We’re also ready with anti-viral treatments. If you get COVID-19, the Pfizer pill reduces your chances of ending up in the hospital by 90%.  

We’ve ordered more of these pills than anyone in the world. And Pfizer is working overtime to get us 1 Million pills this month and more than double that next month.  

And we’re launching the “Test to Treat” initiative so people can get tested at a pharmacy, and if they’re positive, receive antiviral pills on the spot at no cost.  

If you’re immunocompromised or have some other vulnerability, we have treatments and free high-quality masks. 

We’re leaving no one behind or ignoring anyone’s needs as we move forward. 

And on testing, we have made hundreds of millions of tests available for you to order for free.   

Even if you already ordered free tests tonight, I am announcing that you can order more from covidtests.gov starting next week. 

Second – we must prepare for new variants. Over the past year, we’ve gotten much better at detecting new variants. 

If necessary, we’ll be able to deploy new vaccines within 100 days instead of many more months or years.  

And, if Congress provides the funds we need, we’ll have new stockpiles of tests, masks, and pills ready if needed. 

I cannot promise a new variant won’t come. But I can promise you we’ll do everything within our power to be ready if it does.  

Third – we can end the shutdown of schools and businesses. We have the tools we need. 

It’s time for Americans to get back to work and fill our great downtowns again.  People working from home can feel safe to begin to return to the office.   

We’re doing that here in the federal government. The vast majority of federal workers will once again work in person. 

Our schools are open. Let’s keep it that way. Our kids need to be in school. 

And with 75% of adult Americans fully vaccinated and hospitalizations down by 77%, most Americans can remove their masks, return to work, stay in the classroom, and move forward safely. 

We achieved this because we provided free vaccines, treatments, tests, and masks. 

Of course, continuing this costs money. 

I will soon send Congress a request. 

The vast majority of Americans have used these tools and may want to again, so I expect Congress to pass it quickly.   

Fourth, we will continue vaccinating the world.     

We’ve sent 475 Million vaccine doses to 112 countries, more than any other nation. 

And we won’t stop. 

We have lost so much to COVID-19. Time with one another. And worst of all, so much loss of life. 

Let’s use this moment to reset. Let’s stop looking at COVID-19 as a partisan dividing line and see it for what it is: A God-awful disease.  

Let’s stop seeing each other as enemies, and start seeing each other for who we really are: Fellow Americans.  

We can’t change how divided we’ve been. But we can change how we move forward—on COVID-19 and other issues we must face together. 

I recently visited the New York City Police Department days after the funerals of Officer Wilbert Mora and his partner, Officer Jason Rivera. 

They were responding to a 9-1-1 call when a man shot and killed them with a stolen gun. 

Officer Mora was 27 years old. 

Officer Rivera was 22. 

Both Dominican Americans who’d grown up on the same streets they later chose to patrol as police officers. 

I spoke with their families and told them that we are forever in debt for their sacrifice, and we will carry on their mission to restore the trust and safety every community deserves. 

I’ve worked on these issues a long time. 

I know what works: Investing in crime prevention 

and community police officers who’ll walk the beat, who’ll know the neighborhood, and who can restore trust and safety. 

So let’s not abandon our streets. Or choose between safety and equal justice. 

Let’s come together to protect our communities, restore trust, and hold law enforcement accountable. 

That’s why the Justice Department required body cameras, banned chokeholds, and restricted no-knock warrants for its officers. 

That’s why the American Rescue Plan provided $350 Billion that cities, states, and counties can use to hire more police and invest in proven strategies like community violence interruption—trusted messengers breaking the cycle of violence and trauma and giving young people hope.  

We should all agree: The answer is not to Defund the police. The answer is to FUND the police with the resources and training they need to protect our communities. 

I ask Democrats and Republicans alike: Pass my budget and keep our neighborhoods safe.  

And I will keep doing everything in my power to crack down on gun trafficking and ghost guns you can buy online and make at home—they have no serial numbers and can’t be traced. 

And I ask Congress to pass proven measures to reduce gun violence. Pass universal background checks. Why should anyone on a terrorist list be able to purchase a weapon? 

Ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines. 

Repeal the liability shield that makes gun manufacturers the only industry in America that can’t be sued. 

These laws don’t infringe on the Second Amendment. They save lives. 

The most fundamental right in America is the right to vote – and to have it counted. And it’s under assault. 

In state after state, new laws have been passed, not only to suppress the vote, but to subvert entire elections. 

We cannot let this happen. 

Tonight. I call on the Senate to: Pass the Freedom to Vote Act. Pass the John Lewis Voting Rights Act. And while you’re at it, pass the Disclose Act so Americans can know who is funding our elections. 

Tonight, I’d like to honor someone who has dedicated his life to serve this country: Justice Stephen Breyer—an Army veteran, Constitutional scholar, and retiring Justice of the United States Supreme Court. Justice Breyer, thank you for your service. 

One of the most serious constitutional responsibilities a President has is nominating someone to serve on the United States Supreme Court. 

And I did that 4 days ago, when I nominated Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson. One of our nation’s top legal minds, who will continue Justice Breyer’s legacy of excellence. 

A former top litigator in private practice. A former federal public defender. And from a family of public school educators and police officers. A consensus builder. Since she’s been nominated, she’s received a broad range of support—from the Fraternal Order of Police to former judges appointed by Democrats and Republicans. 

And if we are to advance liberty and justice, we need to secure the Border and fix the immigration system. 

We can do both. At our border, we’ve installed new technology like cutting-edge scanners to better detect drug smuggling.  

We’ve set up joint patrols with Mexico and Guatemala to catch more human traffickers.  

We’re putting in place dedicated immigration judges so families fleeing persecution and violence can have their cases heard faster. 

We’re securing commitments and supporting partners in South and Central America to host more refugees and secure their own borders. 

We can do all this while keeping lit the torch of liberty that has led generations of immigrants to this land—my forefathers and so many of yours. 

Provide a pathway to citizenship for Dreamers, those on temporary status, farm workers, and essential workers. 

Revise our laws so businesses have the workers they need and families don’t wait decades to reunite. 

It’s not only the right thing to do—it’s the economically smart thing to do. 

That’s why immigration reform is supported by everyone from labor unions to religious leaders to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. 

Let’s get it done once and for all. 

Advancing liberty and justice also requires protecting the rights of women. 

The constitutional right affirmed in Roe v. Wade—standing precedent for half a century—is under attack as never before. 

If we want to go forward—not backward—we must protect access to health care. Preserve a woman’s right to choose. And let’s continue to advance maternal health care in America. 

And for our LGBTQ+ Americans, let’s finally get the bipartisan Equality Act to my desk. The onslaught of state laws targeting transgender Americans and their families is wrong. 

As I said last year, especially to our younger transgender Americans, I will always have your back as your President, so you can be yourself and reach your God-given potential. 

While it often appears that we never agree, that isn’t true. I signed 80 bipartisan bills into law last year. From preventing government shutdowns to protecting Asian-Americans from still-too-common hate crimes to reforming military justice. 

And soon, we’ll strengthen the Violence Against Women Act that I first wrote three decades ago. It is important for us to show the nation that we can come together and do big things. 

So tonight I’m offering a Unity Agenda for the Nation. Four big things we can do together.  

First, beat the opioid epidemic. 

There is so much we can do. Increase funding for prevention, treatment, harm reduction, and recovery.  

Get rid of outdated rules that stop doctors from prescribing treatments. And stop the flow of illicit drugs by working with state and local law enforcement to go after traffickers. 

If you’re suffering from addiction, know you are not alone. I believe in recovery, and I celebrate the 23 million Americans in recovery. 

Second, let’s take on mental health. Especially among our children, whose lives and education have been turned upside down.  

The American Rescue Plan gave schools money to hire teachers and help students make up for lost learning.  

I urge every parent to make sure your school does just that. And we can all play a part—sign up to be a tutor or a mentor. 

Children were also struggling before the pandemic. Bullying, violence, trauma, and the harms of social media. 

As Frances Haugen, who is here with us tonight, has shown, we must hold social media platforms accountable for the national experiment they’re conducting on our children for profit. 

It’s time to strengthen privacy protections, ban targeted advertising to children, demand tech companies stop collecting personal data on our children. 

And let’s get all Americans the mental health services they need. More people they can turn to for help, and full parity between physical and mental health care. 

Third, support our veterans. 

Veterans are the best of us. 

I’ve always believed that we have a sacred obligation to equip all those we send to war and care for them and their families when they come home. 

My administration is providing assistance with job training and housing, and now helping lower-income veterans get VA care debt-free.  

Our troops in Iraq and Afghanistan faced many dangers. 

One was stationed at bases and breathing in toxic smoke from “burn pits” that incinerated wastes of war—medical and hazard material, jet fuel, and more. 

When they came home, many of the world’s fittest  

and best trained warriors were never the same. 

Headaches. Numbness. Dizziness. 

A cancer that would put them in a flag-draped coffin. 

I know. 

One of those soldiers was my son Major Beau Biden. 

We don’t know for sure if a burn pit was the cause of his brain cancer, or the diseases of so many of our troops. 

But I’m committed to finding out everything we can. 

Committed to military families like Danielle Robinson from Ohio. 

The widow of Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson.  

He was born a soldier. Army National Guard. Combat medic in Kosovo and Iraq. 

Stationed near Baghdad, just yards from burn pits the size of football fields. 

Heath’s widow Danielle is here with us tonight. They loved going to Ohio State football games. He loved building Legos with their daughter. 

But cancer from prolonged exposure to burn pits ravaged Heath’s lungs and body. 

Danielle says Heath was a fighter to the very end. 

He didn’t know how to stop fighting, and neither did she. 

Through her pain she found purpose to demand we do better. 

Tonight, Danielle—we are. 

The VA is pioneering new ways of linking toxic exposures to diseases, already helping more veterans get benefits. 

And tonight, I’m announcing we’re expanding eligibility to veterans suffering from nine respiratory cancers. 

I’m also calling on Congress: pass a law to make sure veterans devastated by toxic exposures in Iraq and Afghanistan finally get the benefits and comprehensive health care they deserve. 

And fourth, let’s end cancer as we know it. 

This is personal to me and Jill, to Kamala, and to so many of you. 

Cancer is the #2 cause of death in America – 

second only to heart disease. 

Last month, I announced our plan to supercharge  

the Cancer Moonshot that President Obama asked me to lead six years ago. 

Our goal is to cut the cancer death rate by at least 50% over the next 25 years, turn more cancers from death sentences into treatable diseases.  

More support for patients and families. 

To get there, I call on Congress to fund ARPA-H, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health. 

It’s based on DARPA—the Defense Department project that led to the Internet, GPS, and so much more.  

ARPA-H will have a singular purpose—to drive breakthroughs in cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and more. 

A unity agenda for the nation. 

We can do this. 

My fellow Americans—tonight , we have gathered in a sacred space—the citadel of our democracy. 

In this Capitol, generation after generation, Americans have debated great questions amid great strife, and have done great things. 

We have fought for freedom, expanded liberty, defeated totalitarianism and terror. 

And built the strongest, freest, and most prosperous nation the world has ever known. 

Now is the hour. 

Our moment of responsibility. 

Our test of resolve and conscience, of history itself. 

It is in this moment that our character is formed. Our purpose is found. Our future is forged. 

Well I know this nation.  

We will meet the test. 

To protect freedom and liberty, to expand fairness and opportunity. 

We will save democracy. 

As hard as these times have been, I am more optimistic about America today than I have been my whole life. 

Because I see the future that is within our grasp. 

Because I know there is simply nothing beyond our capacity. 

We are the only nation on Earth that has always turned every crisis we have faced into an opportunity. 

The only nation that can be defined by a single word: 

possibilities. 

So on this night, in our 245th year as a nation, I have come to report on the State of the Union. 

And my report is this: the State of the Union is strong—because you, the American people, are strong. 

We are stronger today than we were a year ago. 

And we will be stronger a year from now than we are today. 

Now is our moment to meet and overcome the challenges of our time. 

And we will, as one people. 

One America. 

The United States of America. 

May God bless you all. May God protect our troops. 

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